This section is the map for the rest of the book. The five stages introduced in the 1.1 chapter overview (parse, analyze/rewrite, plan, portal, execute) are traced here through the actual code: which functions implement each stage, and in what order they get called. The mechanics of each of the five stages are unpacked in later chapters. Here, only the skeleton matters: how a backend starts up, ho
PostgreSQL Internals · Chapter 1 Query Processing Suppose a client sends SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1. The path that single line travels before coming back as a result row is longer than you might expect. Inside the PostgreSQL backend, that SQL goes through a five-stage pipeline. Backend entry and dispatch. The backend receives the message from the client and decides which processing path it s
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SQL is widely known for data querying and manipulation but systems do grow; data becomes larger; processes become repetitive and operations become sensitive. SQL has some features which enables it to be considered a fully fledged programming language. Some of the features which I discuss in this article are procedures, functions and transactions. Each of these concepts serve distinct purposes. Sto
Introduction Placing RDS in a private subnet protects it from unauthorized external access — but it also means you can no longer connect directly from your developer machine. This article walks you through a step-by-step guide to securely connect to a private-subnet RDS (PostgreSQL) instance using AWS Client VPN. Developer PC │ │ UDP 443 (TLS / Mutual Certificate Authentication) ▼ Client
A some time ago I shipped a desktop app to generate LLM fine-tuning datasets. It worked: my Qwen2.5-Coder-7B fine-tune jumped from 55.5% → 72.3% on HumanEval. Whole pipeline ran on OpenRouter — pick a model, click Generate, get JSONL. v1.0.3-beta ships multi-provider LLM support — Ollama, LM Studio, llama.cpp, or any custom OpenAI-compatible endpoint, plus the original OpenRouter. Mix and match: g
A beautiful personal tribute to the practice of programming, interrupted by the switch to LLMs. Comments