This section is the map for the rest of the book. The five stages introduced in the 1.1 chapter overview (parse, analyze/rewrite, plan, portal, execute) are traced here through the actual code: which functions implement each stage, and in what order they get called. The mechanics of each of the five stages are unpacked in later chapters. Here, only the skeleton matters: how a backend starts up, ho
PostgreSQL Internals · Chapter 1 Query Processing Suppose a client sends SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1. The path that single line travels before coming back as a result row is longer than you might expect. Inside the PostgreSQL backend, that SQL goes through a five-stage pipeline. Backend entry and dispatch. The backend receives the message from the client and decides which processing path it s
After developing Paledev Dark Theme for Visual Studio 2026, I decided to bring the same visual identity to Visual Studio Code. Paledev is a modern dark theme inspired by Palenight, built for better readability, stronger contrast, and long coding sessions. clear code readability balanced contrast a clean, consistent palette comfort during long sessions A theme is something you see for hours every d
SQL is widely known for data querying and manipulation but systems do grow; data becomes larger; processes become repetitive and operations become sensitive. SQL has some features which enables it to be considered a fully fledged programming language. Some of the features which I discuss in this article are procedures, functions and transactions. Each of these concepts serve distinct purposes. Sto
The problem Every time you open ChatGPT or Claude, it has zero memory of your project. You spend the first 10 minutes of every session re-explaining your stack, your folder structure, your naming conventions, your architecture decisions, before you can ask the actual question you came to ask. 63% of developers in the Stack Overflow 2025 survey (49,000 respondents) said AI tools lack crucial contex
Introduction Placing RDS in a private subnet protects it from unauthorized external access — but it also means you can no longer connect directly from your developer machine. This article walks you through a step-by-step guide to securely connect to a private-subnet RDS (PostgreSQL) instance using AWS Client VPN. Developer PC │ │ UDP 443 (TLS / Mutual Certificate Authentication) ▼ Client
I Built a VS Code Extension to Bring IntelliJ’s “Show History for Selection” Experience If you come from IntelliJ, you probably miss one super useful feature in VS Code: Show history for selected lines. I built a new extension to solve exactly that. Show History for Selected Code This extension helps you inspect Git history for a specific code selection, not just the whole file. Shows commit h
Billing code is the most dangerous place to have subtle bugs. It rarely crashes — it just silently does the wrong thing. Here are two we found and fixed in ClipCrafter, an AI video clip extraction tool. We track how many seconds of video each user processes per day to enforce plan limits. The original increment looked like this: const { data } = await db .from("users") .select("daily_usage_sec